Theodore Sorenson was Special Counsel, adviser and speechwriter to President Kennedy. In this brief second interview he describes the various courses of action proposed during the Berlin Crisis of 1961. He explains Kennedy's situation having returned from the Vienna Summit with Khrushchev and worrying that the Soviets might actually close off allied access to West Berlin. His preferred method, which Kennedy ultimately followed, was a "combination of carrots and sticks" -- standing firm against such a Soviet action but also opening negotiation channels. He recalls his emotional reaction to Carl Kaysen's proposal to use nuclear weapons preemptively, which he believes never reached Kennedy's desk.